The date in the log book was September 9, 1947. Hopper was not present when the bug was found, but it became one of her favorite stories. Stemming from the first bug, today we call errors or glitches in a program a bug. This bug was carefully removed and taped to the log book. Operators traced an error in the Mark II to a moth trapped in a relay, coining the term bug. In 1946, when Hopper was released from active duty, she joined the Harvard Faculty at the Computation Laboratory where she continued her work on the Mark II and Mark III. The term "bug" was used in an account by computer pioneer Grace Hopper, who publicized the cause of a malfunction in an early electromechanical computer. Isaac Asimov used the term "bug" to relate to issues with a robot in his short story " Catch That Rabbit", published in 1944.Ī page from the Harvard Mark II electromechanical computer's log, featuring a dead moth that was removed from the device In a book published in 1942, Louise Dickinson Rich, speaking of a powered ice cutting machine, said, "Ice sawing was suspended until the creator could be brought in to take the bugs out of his darling." Problems with military gear during World War II were referred to as bugs (or glitches). difficulties arise-this thing gives out and then that "Bugs"-as such little faults and difficulties are called-show themselves īaffle Ball, the first mechanical pinball game, was advertised as being "free of bugs" in 1931. For instance, Thomas Edison wrote in a letter to an associate in 1878: The term "bug" to describe defects has been a part of engineering jargon since the 1870s and predates electronics and computers it may have originally been used in hardware engineering to describe mechanical malfunctions. The Middle English word bugge is the basis for the terms " bugbear" and " bugaboo" as terms used for a monster. In 2002, a study commissioned by the US Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that "software bugs, or errors, are so prevalent and so detrimental that they cost the US economy an estimated $59 billion annually, or about 0.6 percent of the gross domestic product". Buggy software caused the early 21st century British Post Office scandal, the most widespread miscarriage of justice in British legal history. In 1994, an RAF Chinook helicopter crashed, killing 29 this was initially blamed on pilot error, but was later thought to have been caused by a software bug in the engine-control computer. In 1996, the European Space Agency's US$1 billion prototype Ariane 5 rocket was destroyed less than a minute after launch due to a bug in the on-board guidance computer program. Bugs in code that controlled the Therac-25 radiation therapy machine were directly responsible for patient deaths in the 1980s. Some software bugs have been linked to disasters. Other bugs qualify as security bugs and might, for example, enable a malicious user to bypass access controls in order to obtain unauthorized privileges. The effects of bugs may be subtle, such as unintended text formatting, through to more obvious effects such as causing a program to crash, freezing the computer, or causing damage to hardware. Bugs can trigger errors that may have ripple effects. A program with many, or serious, bugs is often described as buggy. Since the 1950s, some computer systems have been designed to deter, detect or auto-correct various computer bugs during operations.īugs in software can arise from mistakes and errors made in interpreting and extracting users' requirements, planning a program's design, writing its source code, and from interaction with humans, hardware and programs, such as operating systems or libraries. The process of finding and correcting bugs is termed " debugging" and often uses formal techniques or tools to pinpoint bugs. Security information and event management (SIEM)Ī software bug is an error, flaw or fault in the design, development, or operation of computer software that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways. Host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS).
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